UNESCO - World Heritage
Historic Town of Banská Štiavnica and the Technical Monuments in its Vicinity
Date of Inscription: 1993
Property : 20632 ha
Buffer zone: 62128 ha
Area: Town and District of Banská Štiavnica, Region of Banská Bystrica
Geographic position: N 48°27'39.996" E 18°53'60"
Description:
Over the centuries, the town of Banská Štiavnica was visited by many outstanding engineers and scientists who contributed to its fame. The old medieval mining centre grew into a town with Renaissance palaces, 16th-century churches, elegant squares and castles. The urban centre blends into the surrounding landscape, which contains vital relics of the mining and metallurgical activities of the past. The most important edifices contributing to this designation are the sacral buildings, the burgher's houses, and the buildings connected with mining activities, education, and the town fortification. Old castle: A National Cultural monument is located on the edge of a raised terrace in the west part of the town. Various renovations since 13-th century have altered the original appearance of the building to create that one that stands today; New castle: A Renaissance stronghold used as look-out post as a part of the fortification system against the Turks; St. Catherine Church: has a one-nave construction with low side chapels and sacristy with Late-Gothic reticulated vaulting wich spreads towards the end of the presbytery without a triumphal arch.
Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst
Date of Inscription: 1995
Extension: 2000
Minor modification inscribed year: 2008
Property: 56650.57 ha
Buffer zone: 86797.33 ha
Area: Districts of Rožnava and Spišská Nová Ves, Region of Košice (SK)
Geographic position: N 48°28'32.628" E 20°29'12.732"
Description:
The variety of formations and the fact that they are concentrated in a restricted area means that the 712 caves currently identified make up a typical temperate-zone karstic system. Because they display an extremely rare combination of tropical and glacial climatic effects, they make it possible to study geological history over tens of millions of years.
Spišský Hrad and its Associated Cultural Monuments
Date of Inscription: 1993
Property: 1168 ha
Buffer zone: 3400 ha
Area: Town of Spišské Podhradie, Levoca District, Prešov Region (formerly Spiš region)
Geographic position: N 48°59'58" E 20°46'3"
Description:
A national Cultural Monument; the imposing silhouette of a castle built on the summit of a precipitous hill belongs to one of the largest castles in Central Europeô it dominates Spišské Podhradie and the surrounding country. The castle together with the towns of Spišské Podhradie a Spišská Kapitula creates a historically developed unit.A huge circular keep standing in the middle of of the upper fortified ward was the principal element of the Romanesque county castle in 12-th century. The original keep was replaced by a new one after the earthquake in the third of 13-th century. The new keep was situated close to the old one and has survived up to the present days. A Romanesque three-storeyed palace was built simultaneously with tower, on the most remote spot of the entryway. The ground -floor served for accommodating livestock, or as barns, service rooms, and the likeô the upper floor was employed for defence, and the first floor comprised the living quarters. They were accessible from a courtyard, and consisted of only one state hall divided by two rows of stone columns with capitals which supported a timber ceiling. The hall which was lit through seven windows divided by mullions contained a fireplace and a prevet, a medieval type of toilet accommodated in little bay. The upper floor was accessible by an exterior staircase. After the Tartar invasions, King Béla IV allowed Prior of Spiš to build a palace and tower on the grounds within the castle for walls, the Spiš "prepošt" or cleric. The temporary stay of the Prior in the castle is connected with building of a Romanesque chapel in the upper keep. Its tribune was accessible from two sides by the wallwalk.In 14-th century a new large space protected by a stone wall with crenellated battlements was added to Spiš Castle on the west side. The main entrance was situated to the southern side, where a two-storeyed gatehouse with barbican was built to protect it. At the same time another gatehouse with a barbican defending the entrance to the castle was built on the west side. The new owners of the castle, the Zapolya family, attempted to transform the upper keep to an aristocratic seat. During the construction work it was added new buildings. In the Renaissance the castle belonged to the Thurzo and Csáky families, who expanded the upper castle by adding some more buildings. The castle burned down in 1780. The complex reconstruction of castle ruin has been in progress since 1970.
Vlkolínec
Date of Inscription: 1993
Property: 4.9 ha
Buffer zone: 320.7 ha
Area: Ružomberok District, Žilina Region
Geographic position: N 49°1'59.988" E 19°16'59.988"
Description:
Vlkolínec, situated in the centre of Slovakia, is a remarkably intact settlement of 45 buildings with the traditional features of a central European village. It is the region’s most complete group of these kinds of traditional log houses, often found in mountainous areas.
Bardejov Town Conservation Reserve
Date of Inscription: 2000
Area: Town and District of Bardejov, Prešov Region
Geographic position: N 49°17'36" E 21°16'45"
Description:
Bardejov is a small but exceptionally complete and well-preserved example of a fortified medieval town, which typifies the urbanisation in this region. Among other remarkable features, it also contains a small Jewish quarter around a fine 18th-century synagogue. Criterion iii The fortified town of Bardejov provides exceptionally well preserved evidence of the economic and social structure of trading towns in medieval Central Europe. Criterion iv The plan, buildings, and fortifications of Bardejov illustrate the urban complex that developed in Central Europe in the Middle Ages at major points along the great trade routes of the period
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians
Date of Inscription: 2007
Property: 29278.9 ha
Buffer zone: 48692.69 ha
Geographic position: N 49°5'10" E 22°32'10"
Description:
The Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathian, an outstanding example of undisturbed, complex temperate forests, constitute a transnational serial property of ten separate components along a 185 km axis from the Rakhiv Mountains and the Chornohirskyi Range in Ukraine, west along the Polonynian Ridge, to the Bukovské Vrchy and Vihorlat Mountains in Slovakia. They contain an invaluable genetic reservoir of beech and many species associated with, and dependent on, these forest habitats. They are also an outstanding example of the recolonization and development of terrestrial ecosystems and communities after the last Ice Age, a process which is still ongoing. The Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians are a serial property comprising ten components. They represent an outstanding example of undisturbed, complex temperate forests and exhibit the most complete and comprehensive ecological patterns and processes of pure stands of European beech across a variety of environmental conditions. They contain an invaluable genetic reservoir of beech and many species associated and dependent on these forest habitats. The Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians are indispensable to understanding the history and evolution of the genus Fagus, which, given its wide distribution in the Northern Hemisphere and its ecological importance, is globally significant. These undisturbed, complex temperate forests exhibit the most complete and comprehensive ecological patterns and processes of pure stands of European beech across a variety of environmental conditions. Beech is one of the most important elements of forests in the Temperate Broad-leaf Forest Biome and represents an outstanding example of the re-colonisation and development of terrestrial ecosystems and communities after the last ice age, a process which is still ongoing. The individual components of this serial property are of sufficient size to maintain the natural processes necessary for the long-term ecological viability of the property's habitats and ecosystems. Effective implementation of the integrated management plan is required to guide the planning and management of this serial property. Key management issues include forest fire control and conservation of monumental old trees, conservation and management of mountain meadows, river corridors and freshwater ecosystems, tourism management, research, and monitoring.
Wooden Churches of the Slovak part of the Carpathian Mountain Area
Date of Inscription: 2008
Property: 2.5644 ha
Buffer zone: 90.4141 ha
Area: Prešov, Žilina, Banská Bystrica and Košice Regions
Geographic position: N 49°20'10" E 19°33'30"
Description:
The Wooden Churches of the Slovak part of Carpathian Mountain Area inscribed on the World Heritage List consist of two Roman Catholic, three Protestant and three Greek Orthodox churches built between the 16th and 18th centuries. The property presents good examples of a rich local tradition of religious architecture, marked by the meeting of Latin and Byzantine cultures. The edifices exhibit some typological variations in their floor plans, interior spaces and external appearance due to their respective religious practices. They bear testimony to the development of major architectural and artistic trends during the period of construction and to their interpretation and adaptation to a specific geographical and cultural context. Interiors are decorated with paintings on the walls and ceilings and other works of art that enrich the cultural significance of the properties. The wooden churches of the Slovak part of Carpathian Mountain Area, illustrate the coexistence of different religious faiths within a small territory of central Europe. The series of eight properties includes Roman Catholic, Protestant and Greek Orthodox churches that were built between the 16th and 18th centuries, most of them in quite isolated villages, using wood as the main material and traditional construction techniques. Within the framework of their common features, the churches exhibit some typological variations, in accordance with the correspondent faith, expressed in their plans, interior spaces and external appearance. The churches also bear testimony to the development of major architectural and artistic trends during the period of construction and its interpretation and adaptation to a specific geographical and cultural context. Interiors are decorated with wall and ceiling paintings and works of art that enrich the cultural significance of the properties. The wooden churches offer an outstanding testimony to the traditional religious architecture of the north-western Carpathians region and to the inter-ethnic and inter-cultural character of a relatively small territory where Latin and Byzantine cultures have met and overlapped. The Lutheran churches serve as an exceptional example of religious tolerance in Upper Hungary during the period of bloody anti-Habsburgs rebellions and uprisings over the 17th century. The wooden churches represent one of the best examples of European wooden religious architecture from the late Middle Ages to the end of 18th century. Their characteristic appearance, construction and at times rather naive decoration derive from earlier local traditions, partially influenced by professional architectural concepts of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque styles. Western (Latin) and eastern (Orthodox) building concepts are reflected in these wooden structures, creating specific religious architecture with diversified design, technical solutions and unique decorative expressions. The buildings themselves, in their current settings, present a state of completeness that ensures the condition of integrity. In the framework of the particular characteristics of their construction materials and techniques, the buildings are well preserved and the authenticity of design and form, materials and techniques, uses and functions is ensured. Legal protection is satisfactory since the properties enjoy maximum national and local levels of protection. The management structure and instruments are adequate, and the creation of a Management Group ensures the participation of all stakeholders.
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Unesco
- Historic Town of Banská Štiavnica and the Technical Monuments in its Vicinity
- Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst
- Spiš Castle and its Associated Cultural Monuments
- Vlkolínec
- Bardejov Town Conservation Reserve
- Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians
- Wooden Churches of the Slovak part of the Carpathian Mountain Area